Specifically, it focuses on the following aspects: how civil society actors organize themselves into advocacy coalitions; how policy networks are formed to influence policy processes and outcomes; and how policy research institutes contribute their research into policy. The second group consists of arts’ organizations established by professional artists. The role of civil society in ensuring good governance: Challenges facing public ... enhance community cohesion and decision-making. A civil society plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the country. Katunarić, Vjeran; Cvjetičanin, Biserka (2001) Hrvatska u 21. stoljeću: Strategija kulturnog razvitka, Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb. Discuss the role of civil society participation in development policymaking. Les points communs des cultures, Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften. She concludes by stating that the participation of different actors in the process of reaching cultural and political decisions may primarily be considered not a value issue but a functional matter related to the efficiency and effectiveness of actual policies. While the system established under the Law on Self-employed Artists was under continuous criticism as being non-transparent and, in a way, obsolete in the context of contemporary public policies, the example of a unilateral decision to abolish certain incentives without any analysis of possible effects and consequences, and without contemplating the possibility of introducing some new measures to counterbalance the negative effect of a government’s decision, shows weaknesses in public policy making and illustrates clearly some points raised in the Vesna Čopič’s paper on policy making: Participation of different actors in the process of reaching cultural and political decisions may primarily be considered not a value issue but a functional matter related to the efficiency and effectiveness of actual policies. The fourth group of civil-society organisations include "all other" groups, from local branches of existing international non-governmental organizations (i.e. (3) The National Report on Cultural Policy highlights a long tradition of cultural and art amateur associations in Croatia. Civil Society as an instrument for securing rights and interests of the people: Civil Society works for discharging several economic, social, cultural, moral and other responsibilities which fall in the domain of private activities. More and more CSOs are recognising the need to understand policy processes better and use evidence to engage with them more effectively. (10) Cultural councils make decisions on who is going to receive a grant, but it is the Ministry of Culture that actually transfers the money and also receives and evaluates financial reports. (Čopič, 2000). Lobbying can be both formal and informal; it can take place through official commissions or bodies (i.e. The 2016 report by the Statistics South Africa indicated that about 7.03 million South This paper examines the role of civil society, and particularly the TAC engagement with the state in health policy making, and the subsequent implementation of health policy on HIV/AIDS in post-apartheid South Africa. The National Report on Cultural Policy brings some reflections on the role of civil society in cultural policy-making in Croatia. Čopič, Vesna 2002. At present the Councils only exist on the national level, but the law also allows their foundation on county and town levels. According to the provisions of this law, chairpersons of each cultural council are members of the National Council for Culture - a body that adopts the National programme for culture, coordinates work of cultural councils and assists the minister of culture in determining the priorities of cultural policy. Inhalt | Table of Contents | Contenu  15 Nr. Indeed the role of civil society is growing, as exemplified in its role in some important national development policies such as the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS II: 2006-2009) and the National Budget Processes since 2005. Gojko Bežovan, one of the leading contemporary theorists of civil society in Croatia claims that all relevant Croatian institutions established at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century were created as a result of civic engagement. The protesters demanded that artistic creativity obtain a special status within the fiscal system, since "artwork is of general public significance". lic policy making in general. Puljiz, Vlado (2000) Civilno društvo u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj, Izazovi civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj, Zagreb. Still, one of the issues remains the question of the level of involvement and participation as well as the number of active members of different organizations which represents a challenge in determining their legitimacy. Using survey, interview, and document review techniques, this crossnational study explored the potential Still, in the next section of this paper, through the example of some disputes concerning changes in provisions of the laws affecting self-employed artists during the past two years, it will be shown that there are still many weaknesses and that there is a lack of proper communication between decision-makers and representatives of the civil society, even when there is a legislative framework enhancing exchange and communication. Presented by: Agustian Singgih 11/317478/EK/18640. ), correspondence with the decision makers, informal and formal meetings. In spite of resistance from many quarters, civil society is actually engaged in policy formulation, through a variety of formal and informal approaches. While some authors claim that the last decades of the socialist regime did allow a certain degree of pluralism (Stubbs, 2001; Zakošek, 1991, 2000) others tend to analyse and describe the development and support for civil society initiatives as a new phenomenon linked with democratic changes that occurred in the early 1990s, since during the communist period the civil society was marginalized and ignored, even though the situation in Croatia was somewhat better than in other communist countries (Bežovan, Puljiz, 2000). (Hague, Harrop, Breslin, 1998) Depending on the approach adopted, the role of civil society representatives differs. Author information: (1)a Food Security Programme, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg , … Faced with such loud protests from all artist organizations, the Ministry of Culture decided to bargain with the other ministries and found a way to avoid the application of these new measures to artistic creation. Advocacy and lobbying are surely the most visible and common ways a civil society influences the policy-making process in all sectors of public policy. The role of civil society in health policy making in South Africa: a review of the strategies adopted by the Treatment Action Campaign. However, if the civil society representatives feel that their opinions and interests are not taken into account, they can organize rallies and demonstrations and even use their artistic expression to attract attention to the issues they think should be treated differently. These councils are primarily responsible for the establishment of professional standards both for the functioning of institutions and for setting the minimal requirements for employees and professional staff. The Association of Self-employed Artists decides which professional organizations will have the right to send representatives to the Commissions for each specific cultural sector. Based on their artistic merits and achievements, according to this Law, self-employed artists have the right to health, pension and disability insurance. (Gordon, 2001). For former socialist and communist countries, one of the indicators of their successful transformation into democratic societies is the development of civil society, its role in influencing the decision-making process as well as its capability to participate in the implementation, and effective monitoring of the consequences and results of different public policies. Civil society plays key roles in pushing for new laws, programmes, policies or strategies on climate change, in holding governments to account on their commitments; in identifying the lack of joined-up government responses to climate change; and in ensuring that national policy making does not forget the poor and vulnerable. The role of civil society in the policy-making proces . To illustrate some of these issues this article will analyse three different aspects of civil-society participation in cultural policy making: the general legislative framework for the involvement of the civil society in cultural policy making, attempts to decentralize decision making(4) and advocacy and lobbying. A rather high degree of civil society involvement is envisaged in the execution of the Law on the Rights of Self-employed Artists and on the Promotion of Cultural and Artistic Creativity. A special law regulates the rules for establishing and operating arts organizations. Still, this report recognizes that the actual influence of non-governmental organizations and individuals depends on numerous factors such as the authority and reputation of the people acting as consultants, the willingness of senior officials in governmental agencies to accept advice, the type of problems under discussion, the possible existence of conflict of interest between organizations and individuals participating in the decision-making on cultural policies, etc. The Government of National Unity that came to power in July 1994 sought to democratise the country’s politics despite the challenging socio-political environment. They were originally established to preserve the national culture and languages threatened by a foreign regime, but in the course of time they developed into community centres of social life. All of this will be established through the comparison between democratic countries, and less democratic or authoritarian regimes. The culture minister deals with a field which is inherently changeable and often seen as marginal to the government’s central objectives. When analysing the role of civil society in the cultural field it is important to emphasise that there are at least four groups of organizations with quite differing goals, objectives and ways of operation. The holistic and ‘horizontal’ (bottom-up) model is much more likely to succeed than the ‘vertical’ (top down) one, which will always be more vulnerable to sudden unexpected change, or even to the whims of particular politicians when in power. The Minister of Culture appoints three renowned experts from different professional organizations without obligation to consult any of these professional organizations. Civil society often uses public mobilization to persuade policymakers to … Nadya Aufa 11/315829/EK/18591 The example of two years of "fierce battles" between the Coordination of Professional Arts Organizations and the government (both the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Finance), which resulted in the resignation of all members of the Board of the Association of Self-Employed Artists, mere symbolic reductions of costs and continuous debate about the same problems, proves that it is neither rational nor effective to exclude civil society from the decision-making process. An overview of existing legislation in the cultural field shows that the civil society, particularly professional organizations, have a certain degree of representation in different segments of the process of cultural policy making. While democracy is ensured by elections, testing the quality of this democracy is another and more complicated issue. The development of non-profit organizations and associations in the cultural field in Croatia is also analysed in the National Report on Cultural Policy, and the authors of the National Report share many observations highlighted by Gojko Bežovan and other researchers who have dealt with the role of civil society in Croatia. According to the finding of this report, non-governmental organizations, cultural institutions and individual artists exert a strong influence on the formulation and implementation of cultural policies (Katunarić, 1998) which includes their autonomous creation of arts’ programmes and also their influence on the decisions taken by governmental bodies and the bodies of local administration and self-government. (ibid), Similar arguments can be found in Christopher Gordon’s article about the different roles that cultural organizations, administrators and artists, can play in the policy development process. transitional states, the civil society sector plays a significant role in lobbying and pressur- ing governments for democratising politics and to complement policy changes (Bratton, 1994; Cohen and Rogers 1995; Kasfir, 1998). Stubbs, P. (2001) Politička ekonomija civilnog društva, Globalizacija i njene refleksije u Hrvatskoj, Zagreb. Artists and professionals are continuously lobbying for improvements and adjustments to this law and other laws that effect their everyday lives and activities. The World Economic Forum launched the ‘Future Role of Civil Society… 2.3. Even though this is probably the most visible segment of civil society involvement in the cultural field, these organizations are not very relevant in the policy-making process, so their work will not be further analysed in this paper(3). (4) Namely Law on cultural councils, Official Gazette, no. politicians, officials (administration) and producers of public goods. Bežovan, Gojko: Mogu li istraživanja koristiti razvoju neprofitnih i nevladinih organizacija u Hrvatskoj? In 2002, there was a protest of independent artists and a public debate with the Ministry of Culture over the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Social Affairs' presentation of a draft law on retirement benefits and health insurance in the cultural sector. They do not receive funding for their work and moreover they are not distributing grants related to decisions made, which seriously limits the level of their independence(10). In October 2014, for the first time in recent history, the government of Myanmar decided to organize a public consultation to inform the development of a national policy. And unlike other countries in transition, in the first period after the democratic changes and partly because of the war, Croatia did not immediately proceed with stronger support for the development of civil society(2). The Role of Civil Society in Policy Formulation and Service Provision recognized that real advancement can be made in development efforts. Different authors have quite differing views on the history and tradition of civil society involvement in Croatia, particularly in regards to the period of socialist government. With the introduction of this Law, the existing councils for museums, libraries and archives mentioned earlier in this article became Cultural councils for their respective fields. This paper will give some examples and analyse some aspects of the decision-making process in the cultural field in Croatia and also assess the role that the civil society plays or could play in that process. Les points communs des cultures. KEY WORDS Civil Society Organisations, Constitution-making process, Good governance, Development, Neoliberalism (2003) Kultura i umjetnost, Zbirka propisa Republike Hrvatske, Grafika Osijek. The new development The Law prescribes that, if the proposal of the Cultural council is rejected, the Minister must explain in writing the reasons why. Zakošek, Nenad: Civilno društvo, političke stranke i građanske udruge, Neprofitni centar, Zagreb, 5 (2000). Gordon, Christopher (2001): Different roles which cultural organizations, administrators and artists can play in the policy development process (both centrally and locally). On one hand, there are numerous amateur arts’ organizations that are promoting local dancing and music, amateur theatre groups, brass orchestras, etc. Dragojević, Sanjin (1998): Decentralizationin Katunarić, Vjeran; Cvjetičanin, Biserka: Kulturna politika Republike Hrvatske: Nacionalni izvještaj, Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb. Before one d… This was well articulated by Charles Landry and François Matarasso in their reflections on the most important strategic dilemmas in cultural policy. Role of civil society organisations in policy making Ask for details ; Follow Report by VishalNegi3388 22.06.2018 Log in to add a comment Antolović, Jadran (ur.) Civil society organizations (CSOs) in Caribbean countries have performed social service delivery and program implementation roles for many years. (Čopič, 2000) Even though politicians obtain their mandates directly from voters at elections and therefore, in theory, can make decisions without necessarily consulting with interested groups, Čopič correctly points out the difference between legal and legitimate decisions - an issue particularly interesting for the field of cultural policy. The Croatian Association of Librarians appoints three members to the Council for Libraries. Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) also have an important role to play in influencing policies and practices to make them pro-poor. The role of civil society in the policy making process; article published in a special bilingual supplement (Romanian/English) of 2 Magazine in Romania. 21-25). Then, I will outline how the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and political participation aid and strengthen democratic governance. In the article The role of civil society in the policy-making process, Vesna Čopič describes the process of adopting decisions in the public sector which principally requires the cooperation of three major interest groups: i.e. politicians, officials (administration) and producers of public goods. To support this consultation process, several organizations decided to organize civil society pre-consultation activities to listen and gather concerns from smallholder farmers to formulate relevant This law puts self-employed artists in a somewhat privileged position compared to artists holding permanent jobs in public institutions or other self-employed individuals in the Republic of Croatia, but the Law is particularly interesting for this analysis, because the artists and professional organizations have an almost exclusive right to decide which artists will be granted this status. The State budget M ( 2 ) etc. ), but the Law also their. 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