capital of sri lanka

Parākramabāhu's reign is memorable for two major campaigns – in the south of India as part of a Pandyan war of succession, and a punitive strike against the kings of Ramanna (Burma) for various perceived insults to Sri Lanka. But without massive popular support, and with the governor's encouragement for "communal representation" by creating a "Colombo seat" that dangled between Sinhalese and Tamils, the Congress lost momentum towards the mid-1920s.[113]. [248] Sri Lanka ranks well above other South Asian countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) with an index of 0.750. The island has four biosphere reserves: Bundala, Hurulu Forest Reserve, the Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya, and Sinharaja. In 1956, 44.2 percent of the country's land area had forest cover. On 14 February 1815, Kandy was occupied by the British in the second Kandyan War, ending Sri Lanka's independence. [264], Hinduism is the second most prevalent religion and predates Buddhism. [221] The relationship between Sri Lanka and India became tense under the government of J. R. The United National Party has traditionally favoured links with the West, while the Sri Lanka Freedom Party has favoured links with the East. It is also a major world port for both passenger and cargo ships.Colombo has a rich history as witnessed in its Dutch and British colonial style buildings. Anuradhapura dominated Sri Lanka's early history and served as the capital city of the island nation for over a millennium. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a plantation economy famous for its production and export of cinnamon, rubber, and Ceylon tea, which remains a trademark national export. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. [175], Sinharaja is home to 26 endemic birds and 20 rainforest species, including the elusive red-faced malkoha, the green-billed coucal and the Sri Lanka blue magpie. [25], In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travellers by a variety of names. It made Sri Lanka the first South Asian country to liberalise its economy. The coastline and adjacent waters support highly productive marine ecosystems such as fringing coral reefs and shallow beds of coastal and estuarine seagrasses. 115 km from Colombo. Traditionally food is served on a plantain leaf or lotus leaf. 300 billion a year. [199], For administrative purposes, Sri Lanka is divided into nine provinces[202] and twenty-five districts.[203]. [173], Flowering acacias flourish on the arid Jaffna Peninsula. The Capital City of Sri Lanka (officially named Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka) is the city of Colombo. Ratnayake. [106] A devastating leaf disease, Hemileia vastatrix, struck the coffee plantations in 1869, destroying the entire industry within fifteen years. The wet zone is a tropical evergreen forest with tall trees, broad foliage, and a dense undergrowth of vines and creepers. In 1972, its formal name was changed to "Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka". By the end of the 19th century, a new educated social class transcending race and caste arose through British attempts to staff the Ceylon Civil Service and the legal, educational, engineering, and medical professions with natives. Unlike previous invaders, he looted, ransacked, and destroyed everything in the ancient Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Kingdoms beyond recovery. [330] The first modern-day novel, Meena by Simon de Silva appeared in 1905[326] and was followed by several revolutionary literary works. [229] Paramilitary units include the Special Task Force, the Civil Security Force, and the Sri Lanka Coast Guard. [119], S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was elected prime minister in 1956. The highest point is Pidurutalagala, reaching 2,524 metres (8,281 ft) above sea level. 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